Freelancers, independent contractors, and solo business owners evaluate contribution maximums, administrative overhead, and catch-up rules between Solo 401(k)s and SEP IRAs.
Self-employed professionals and small business owners have access to some of the highest retirement contribution limits in the tax code. Choosing between an Individual 401(k) (Solo 401(k)) and a Simplified Employee Pension (SEP IRA) depends on business structure and savings capacity.
1. Contribution Dynamics: Deferrals vs. Profit Sharing
With a SEP IRA, contributions are 100% employer profit-sharing (up to 25% of net adjusted self-employment compensation). In contrast, a Solo 401(k) allows you to contribute as both employee ($23,000 elective deferral) and employer (20–25% profit sharing), allowing individuals with moderate profits to reach maximum savings much faster.
2. Administration and Form 5500-EZ
SEP IRAs feature virtually zero administrative upkeep. A Solo 401(k) requires filing an annual IRS Form 5500-EZ once total plan assets exceed $250,000 at the close of the plan year.
Disclaimer: Consult a certified business CPA to determine optimal plan design for your business.